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- Animalism Vs. Marxism
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- Characters, items, and events found in George Orwells book, Animal Farm, can be
- compared to similar characters, items, and events found in Marxism and the 1917 Russian
- Revolution. This comparison will be shown by using the symbolism that is in the book
- with similarities found in the Russian Revolution.
- Old Major was a prized-boar that belonged to Farmer Jones. The fact that Old
- Major is himself a boar was to signify that radical change and revolution are, themselves,
- boring in the eyes of the proletariat (represented by the other barnyard animals), who are
- more prone to worrying about work and survival in their everyday life. Old Major gave
- many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who
- got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old MajorÆs role
- compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas were to lead to the communist revolution.
- Animal Farm is a criticism of Karl Marx, as well as a novel perpetuating his convictions of
- democratic Socialism. (Zwerdling, 20). Lenin became leader and teacher of the working
- class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major,
- Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working
- class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring
- class of people that received low wages for their work. Like the animals in the farm yard,
- the people is Russia thought there would be no oppression in a new society because the
- working class people (or animals) would own all the riches and hold all the power.
- (Golubeva and Gellerstein 168).
- Another character represented in the book is Farmer Jones. He represents the symbol of
- the Czar Nicholas in Russia who treated his people like Farmer Jones treated his animals. The
- animal rebellion on the farm was started because Farmer Jones was a drunk who never took care
- of the animals and who came home one night, left the gate open and the animals rebelled. Czar
- Nicholas was a very weak man who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his
- animals. The Czar made his working class people very mad with the way he wielded his authority
- and preached all the time, and the people suffered and finally demanded reform by rebelling. The
- Czar said ôThe law will henceforward be respected and obeyed not only by the nation but also the
- authority that rules it - and that the law would stand above the changing views of the individual
- instruments of the supreme power.ö (Pares 420).
- The animal Napoleon can be compared as a character representing Stalin in Russia. Both
- were very mean looking, didnÆt talk very much but always got what they wanted through force.
- In one part of the book Napoleon charged the dogs on Snowball, another animal. Stalin became
- the Soviet Leader after the death of Lenin. He was underestimated by his opponents who always
- became his victims, and he had one of the most ruthless, regimes in history. In was not till very
- many years later that the world found out about the many deaths that Stalin created in Russia
- during the Revolution. For almost 50 years the world thought that the Nazis had done the killing
- in Russia, when in fact it was Stalin. (Imse 2).
- The last characters that are symbolic of each other are the animal Snowball with the
- Russian leader Trotsky. Snowball was very enthusiastic and was a leader who organized the
- defense of the farm. He gave speeches and instructions but was not very beneficial. All the other
- animals liked him, but he was outsmarted by Napoleon. Trotsky and StalinÆs relationship was
- very much like SnowballÆs and Napoleons. Trotsky organized the Red Army and gave speeches
- and everyone in Russia thought he would win power over Stalin. After LeninÆs death Trotsky lost
- all his power to Stalin and was expelled from the communist party. He was at one time
- considered the second most powerful man in Russia. (Trotskyö Comptons 290).
- Besides characters there are many items that can be compared as symbols in the book and
- in Russia. The whip that Napoleon used in the farmyard to wield power can be compared to the
- power that Stalin used on the Russians. Napoleon carried a whip in his trotter. Stalin used his
- power to starve the Russian people and to have Lenin arrested. StalinÆs main goal was to
- maximize his personal power. (ôStalin,ö Britannia 576). Stalin ôwhippedö his people into shape
- by collectivizing agriculture, by police terror, and by destroying remnants of individual prosperity.
- He also led the Soviet Union into the nuclear age (Clarkson 442).
- Propaganda is another item that was used in the Russian revolution. It can be compared
- to Squealer in Animal Farm. Squealer brainwashed (a form of propaganda) the barnyard animals
- into believing that they did not like apples and milk, while he and Napoleon were stealing the food
- for themselves. In Russia, the Bolsheviks carried out propaganda on the people by passing out
- leaflets and putting stories in the newspapers that were not true. They told workers, soldiers, and
- peasants to not trust their own hands and to take away land from the landowners. (Golubeva and
- Gellerstein 80).
- Another item that is similar in both Animal Farm and Russia are the dogs and the secret
- police. Napoleon trained his dogs when they were puppies to guard him and to obey his every
- command. They chased Snowball away. Stalin trained his secret police to do his bidding
- whenever he issued an order. Stalin had his secret police kill between 60,000 to 70,000 people.
- These police were called the Checka and the graves filled with bodies stacked upon each other
- with bullets in each skull were found many years later. (Imse, C2).
- Another symbolism that exists in the book and in Russia is a similarity to events that took
- place. The windmill that is present in Animal Farm can be compared with the growth of industry
- in Russia or the Industrial Revolution. Snowball first introduced the windmill concept to the farm
- but Napoleon disagreed with him and had the dogs chase him away. Napoleon then presented the
- windmill as a good idea and the animals were presented with hope that things would get better on
- the farm. When it blew down, Napoleon blamed it on Snowball. Napoleon thought that if he
- could keep the barnyard animals busy all the time replacing the windmill that they would not
- realize how bad their living conditions were, and he could blame the destruction all the time on
- Snowball. The windmill is the only thing that was holding the animals together as a unit. In
- Russia the growth of factory and industry was very depressing but depended on the obligatory
- labor of serfs. Russia hoped that by keeping the serfs working all the time and promising them a
- better world that they would not realize how bad their living conditions were. The Industrialists
- were pressing their own constitutional demands. (Clarkson 352). None of the social classes were
- fighting each other because there were no classes left. What Russia got working was to make the
- people think that the prospect of loss of potential improvements in conditions of life of the here
- and now, could only be attained by stimulating labor to unprecedented efforts.
- The last event that was similar in the book and in Russia was the animal rebellion on the
- farm and the Russian Revolution of 1917. Farmer Jones was drunk a lot and would forget to feed
- the animals on the farm. The withholding of this food is what finally forced the animals on the
- farm to rebel against Farmer Jones. In Russia, there were many food shortages which caused the
- people to demonstrate and then the Russian soldiers refused to suppress them and the leaders
- demanded that Nicholas transfer his power to parliamentary government because everything was
- getting out of control. Soviet workers and soldiers formed a special committee and established a
- government. The same day the emperor abdicated. (ôRussian Revolution,ö Grolier npa). This
- actually backfired in Russia and the war continued and the people still starved.
- Many lessons can be learned by reading Animal Farm that can help countries and
- governments around the world from making mistakes in wielding their power against their people.
- If a population is suppressed and not allowed to accumulate things for themselves then an
- overthrow of the government that is suppressing them will be the result.
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- WORKS CITED
- Clarkson, Jesse. A History of Russia. New York: Random House, 1969.
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- Golubeva, T. and L. Gellerstein. Early Russia - The Russie. Moscos, Press Agency Publishing
- House, 1976.
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- Imse, Ann. Mass Grave Seen as Evidence of Massecure by Stalins Police. ôHunstsville Times,
- 13, August. 1990.
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- Orwell, George. Animal Farm. Signet 50th Anniversary Edition, Harcourt Brace & Company,
- 1996.
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- Pares, Sir Bernard. The Fall of the Russian Monarchy. New York: A division of Random
- House, 1939.
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- ôRussian Revolution of 1917.ö Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc. 1992 ed.
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- ôStalin, Joseph.ö Encyclopedia Britannica. 1917 ed.
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- Zwerdling, Alex. Orwell and The Left. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1974.
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- ANIMALISM VS. MARXISM
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- OUTLINE
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- Thesis: Characters, items, and events found in George Orwells book, Animal Farm, can be
- compared to similar characters, items, and events found in Marxism and the 1917 Russian
- Revolution.
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- I. Leader Comparisons
- A. Old Major compared with Lenin and Marx
- B. Farmer Jones compared with Czar Nicholas II
- C. Napoleon compared with Stalin
- D. Snowball compared with Trotsky
- II. Item Comparisons
- B. Whip compared with power
- C. Squealer compared with propaganda
- D. Dogs compared with the secret police
- I. Event Comparisons
- C. Windmill compared with industry growth
- D. Rebellion compared with revolution
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